Who is known for violating agreements with Pius XI and persecuting Catholics?

The individual known for violating agreements with Pius XI and persecuting Catholics is Adolf Hitler. His actions were particularly impactful in the context of his regime's stance on religion, which included significant repression of Catholic institutions and clergy.

Initially, Hitler's government signed the Concordat with the Vatican in 1933, which was intended to ensure the rights of the Church in Germany. However, over time, the Nazi regime systematically violated this agreement. The government took measures to limit the influence of the Church, suppress Catholic organizations, and persecute priests and religious leaders who opposed Nazi ideology. This culminated in a broader campaign against various religious groups, with a notable focus on silencing dissent, which included targeting Catholics who were vocal against the regime.

In contrast, the other individuals mentioned had different relationships with the Catholic Church. Mussolini, though he had a complex relationship with the Vatican, did not primarily focus on persecuting Catholics in the same systematic manner as Hitler. Stalin also had a different context, where his atheistic regime targeted a broad range of religions, but the agreements with the Vatican do not align as closely with the specific actions taken by Hitler. Franco's rule in Spain had its own dynamics, including support for Catholicism, which diverges from