Which popes were instrumental in guiding the Second Vatican Council?

The Second Vatican Council, which took place from 1962 to 1965, was significantly influenced by two popes: John XXIII and Paul VI. Pope John XXIII convened the council with the intention of addressing relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world, employing the idea of renewal and ecumenism in the Church's approach. His vision was to promote unity among Christians and emphasize the Church's role in social progress.

After Pope John XXIII's passing in 1963, Pope Paul VI took over the council's leadership. He was instrumental in guiding the discussions and implementing the decisions made during the council. Under his leadership, the council concluded its work and published several key documents that transformed various aspects of church life, worship, and its interaction with society.

The other options contain names of popes who either did not play a central role in the Second Vatican Council or were not pope during its timeframe. Thus, the focus on John XXIII and Paul VI is essential to understanding the council's direction and outcomes.