Which group is credited with founding the southwestern missions in the United States?

The founding of the southwestern missions in the United States is primarily attributed to the Franciscans and the Jesuits. The Franciscans, known for their missionary work, played a significant role in establishing missions across California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Their approach often focused on establishing missions to convert Indigenous populations and promote agriculture and education. The Jesuits similarly contributed to missionary efforts, particularly in the Southwest and parts of the broader colonial territories, emphasizing education and pastoral care.

The combination of these two religious orders reflects their shared commitment to evangelization and service in the region, which was pivotal in shaping the cultural and religious landscape of the American Southwest during the colonial period. This collaboration highlights the important role that both orders played in the history of Catholic missions in the United States, making this answer the most accurate representation of the historical contributions made by these groups.