What is the difference between karma and dharma in Hinduism?

In Hinduism, the distinction between karma and dharma is fundamental to understanding how individuals navigate their lives and spiritual practices. Karma pertains to actions and the consequences that arise from them. It conveys the idea that every action (whether good or bad) has a corresponding outcome, which can affect one’s current life and future rebirths. This concept emphasizes the importance of intentional conduct and ethical behavior, as the effects of one’s actions are believed to shape an individual's destiny.

On the other hand, dharma is centered around the notion of one's moral duty or responsibilities in accordance with one’s position in society, stage of life, and ethical obligations. It provides a framework for individuals to live righteously, fulfilling their roles and duties which contribute to the order and harmony of society. Dharmic actions are those that align with cosmic law and social order, guiding individuals in their pursuit of ethical living.

Therefore, the correct answer highlights these definitions accurately: karma is about actions and their subsequent consequences, while dharma defines the moral duties to be upheld in life. Understanding this distinction is crucial for comprehending the operational principles of ethics and morality in Hindu thought.