What does ‘Zionism’ seek to achieve?

Zionism is a political and nationalist movement that arose in the late 19th century with the primary goal of establishing a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel, also known as Palestine. This movement was a response to widespread anti-Semitism and persecution faced by Jews in various parts of the world, especially in Europe.

Over time, Zionism evolved into a significant force leading to the mass immigration of Jews to Israel and the eventual establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The movement encompasses a range of ideologies, including both secular and religious expressions, but all share the fundamental aim of restoring Jewish sovereignty in their ancestral homeland.

The other options focus on different ideologies or goals that do not align with the core tenets of Zionism. Hence, the correct choice identifies the primary aspiration of Zionism accurately.