What does the term 'Samsara' refer to in Hinduism and Buddhism?

The term 'Samsara' specifically refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, which is a fundamental concept in both Hinduism and Buddhism. This cyclical process emphasizes that life is an ongoing journey where beings undergo multiple lifetimes, transitioning from one existence to another based on the consequences of their actions, known as karma.

In this context, Samsara is not just a mere cycle; it embodies the continuous nature of existence, where individuals are trapped in this loop until they achieve liberation or enlightenment. Both religions teach that escaping Samsara is essential, and attaining Moksha in Hinduism or Nirvana in Buddhism is seen as the ultimate goal, marking the end of suffering and the cycle itself. This understanding is central to the spiritual practices and philosophical teachings within these traditions, making it a core aspect of their beliefs about existence and the soul's journey.