What are the two major sects within Buddhism?

The two major sects within Buddhism are Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada, which translates to "the School of the Elders," is considered the older of the two branches and is predominant in countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar. It emphasizes individual enlightenment and the monastic community's role in preserving the teachings of the Buddha.

Mahayana, meaning "the Great Vehicle," emerged later and is more diverse, incorporating a wider range of beliefs and practices, including the veneration of bodhisattvas—beings who seek enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. This branch is prevalent in regions like China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

Other options, while they represent aspects of Buddhism, refer to specific schools or traditions rather than the overarching sects. Zen and Pure Land are movements within Mahayana, Chan is the Chinese equivalent of Zen, and Trikaya and Madhyamaka pertain to philosophical concepts in the broader Mahayana tradition. Therefore, recognizing Theravada and Mahayana as the primary branches captures the fundamental divisions in Buddhist thought and practice.